套管弹簧减振器控制的林木减振风洞试验

为了减轻林木的风致振动灾害,该文基于减振控制理论研制了4个套管弹簧减振器,并分别对4株新疆杨试件实施风致减振控制。在自制的简易风洞中模拟自然风环境,进行有、无减振器作用的减振对比试验,得到了风致动态应变、风致动态位移、风致动态速度及风致动态加速度响应特征对比曲线。结果表明:在林木上粘贴的电阻应变计及装设的电荷加速度计能够测得林木的风致动态响应;在林木上安装该文研发的套管弹簧减振器能有效降低林木的应变、位移、速度及加速度等风致动态响应峰值,并能很好地对林木实施风振控制。该文研发的套管弹簧减振器构造相对简单,造价低廉,耐候性好,适合大面积推广,尤其适合立地条件困难地区的林木风灾保护。应用该文研发的套管弹簧减振器对林木风灾实施保护,开辟了林木风灾保护的一条新途径。     

液压限位缓冲结构在汽车减振器上的应用

在分析普通双筒式减振器结构和工作原理基础上,提出一种加装双活塞液压限位缓冲器的汽车减振器,并对其工作机理进行分析;建立了具有液压限位缓冲结构的汽车减振器等效液压系统模型,对其阻尼特性进行分析.分析结果表明：在汽车减振器内部加装液压限位缓冲结构,可以产生附加阻尼力,使减振器具有更好的减振功能,有效地提高汽车恶劣行驶工况下的平顺性.     

温度胁迫下沙葱萤叶甲小热激蛋白基因GdHsp20.6的克隆及表达分析

为明确小热激蛋白在沙葱萤叶甲Galeruca daurica应对温度胁迫中的作用，采用PCR方法克隆沙葱萤叶甲小热激蛋白基因Hsp20（GdHsp20.6）完整的开放阅读框（open reading frame，ORF）序列，应用在线软件对GdHsp20.6基因进行生物信息学分析，通过原核表达技术诱导表达及纯化其编码蛋白，并通过实时荧光定量PCR（real-time quantitative PCR，RT-qPCR）技术分析不同温度胁迫下GdHsp20.6基因的表达量。结果显示，GdHsp20.6基因ORF序列长度为543 bp，编码180个氨基酸，预测分子量为20.6 kD，无跨膜区和信号肽。GdHsp20.6氨基酸序列有高度保守的α-结构域。GdHsp20.6氨基酸序列与其它鞘翅目昆虫的Hsp20氨基酸序列有较高的一致性，其中与花绒寄甲Dastarcus helophoroides的Hsp20.99氨基酸序列的一致性最高，为63%。GdHsp20.6基因在大肠杆菌Escherichia coli BL21（DE3）细胞系中成功表达，经异丙基-β-D-硫代吡喃半乳糖苷（isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactoside，IPTG）诱导后GdHsp20.6蛋白成功表达，十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis，SDS-PAGE）和Western-blot分析表明融合蛋白大小与预测大小一致，并纯化获得了纯度较高的目的蛋白GdHsp20.6。低温（-10~5℃）和高温（35~40℃）处理1 h以及处理后25℃恢复30 min均能诱导GdHsp20.6基因表达上调，并且0℃处理30~120 min也能诱导GdHsp20.6基因表达上调。表明GdHsp20.6基因在沙葱萤叶甲应对低温和高温胁迫中可能起着重要作用。     

冷冲击处理对贮藏期间银杏硬化的影响

以南雄产银杏（ＧｉｎｋｇｏｂｉｌｏｂａＬ．）为材料，以０℃的冰水混合物为冷却介质，研究了不同冷冲击处理（１ｈ，２ｈ，３ｈ，４ｈ）对贮藏期间银杏硬化的影响结果表明，冷冲击处理能显著地控制白果的硬化，硬化率随处理时间的延长而降低     

汽车悬架阻尼匹配研究及减振器设计

为了使车辆满足平顺性要求,对车辆悬架系统阻尼匹配进行了研究,建立了最佳阻尼比设计方法及减振器速度特性分段线性数学模型.以此模型为基础,建立了减振器阎系参数设计数学模型,并对阀系参数进行优化设计.对设计减振器进行了特性试验和整车振动试验,并与原车裁减振器性能进行了对比.结果表明,车辆悬架系统阻尼匹配合理,减振器阀系参数设计方法正确,设计参数值准确、可靠.     

Induction of interspecific allo-tetraploids of Megalobrama amblycephala♀×Megalobrama terminalis♂ by heat shock

Interspecific allo-tetraploidy was induced by a combination of hybridization of Megalobrama amblycephala ♀× Megalobrama terminalis ♂ and thermal shock. A thermal shock at 40 °C for 2 min applied to eggs 33 or 26 min (τ₀: 1.40) after fertilization resulted in a significantly ( P <0.01) higher yield of allo-tetraploids than hybrid crosses without heat shock. The yield of allo-tetraploids in embryos from mid-gastrula to hatching stages was 15.7–24.4% in different thermal shock treatment groups. The allo-tetraploidy rate in 330-day-old juveniles was 9.3% and 6.7% in different year treatment groups. After 2 years of rearing, allo-tetraploidy males attained sexual maturity with milk-like milt at the age of 2+, while allo-tetraploidy females at the age of 2+, and even at 3+, did not show any signs of sexual maturation exhibiting obviously delayed maturity. Only a few allo-tetraploidy females (three individuals) showed maturation characters at the age of 4+ and these females were induced to spawn.     

Cardiovascular Responses to Glibenclamide During Endotoxaemia in the Pig

Vanelli, G., Hussain, S.N.A., Dimori, M. and Aguggini, G., 1996. Cardiovascular responses to glibenclamide during endotoxaemia in the pig. Veterinary Research Communications, 21(3), 187-200The effects of blockading the ATP-sensitive potassium channel (K+ATP channels) on endotoxin-induced vascular derangements was studied. Escherichia coli endotoxin was infused (20 µg/kg per h) intravenously for 180 min into anaesthetized, mechanically ventilated, indomethacin-treated pigs. After 150 min of endotoxaemia, glibenclamide (a K+ATP channel blocker) was infused intravenously at 2 mg/kg per min for 5 min. The cardiovascular parameters were recorded before (control), every 30 min up to 150 min during endotoxaemia, and then at 5, 15 and 30 min after administration of glibenclamide. Infusion of endotoxin reduced the systemic arterial pressure to 60.6% ± 3.7% (p < 0.01) and increased the pulmonary arterial pressure by 75.9% ± 11.0% (p < 0.01) of the control values. Within 5 min, infusion of glibenclamide transiently but significantly reversed the systemic hypotension by raising the systemic vascular resistance, whereas the increased pulmonary arterial pressure was further augmented. Glibenclamide infusion did not influence the cardiac output. Within 30 min, the cardiovascular parameters had returned to the values induced by endotoxin, except for the systemic vascular resistance. Infusion of glibenclamide into normal pigs did not change the systemic pressure or resistance, but the pulmonary pressure and resistance were augmented transiently. These data suggest that, in pigs, the ATP-sensitive K+ channels may be one factor playing a role in the vascular changes due to endotoxaemia, especially in the systemic circulation.     

汽车悬架参数优化的仿真研究

以BP神经网络对减振器的外特性进行建模为基础,Matlab/Simulink为工具,对汽车八自由度模型进行了平顺性仿真建模,并对含有不同神经网络减振器模型的整车振动响应输出进行了对比分析,从而找到适宜新车型的减振器,实现了汽车悬架阻尼参数的优化。     

Initiation and development of microspore embryogenesis in recalcitrant purple flowering stalk (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var. purpurea Hort.) genotypes

Purple flowering stalk (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var.purpurea Hort.) was generally regarded as a recalcitrant species for microspore culture in Brassica crops. Conditions for reliable induction of microspore embryogenesis were studied in 12 genotypes of purple flowering stalk. A treatment of short heat shock to microspore by incubating at 32 °C for 18 h was suitable for the survival of microspores, sustained cell divisions, and further induced embryogenesis. Subsequently, the reduced concentration of macro salts (1/2 NLN) provided an optimal condition for the development of embryoids. Under the optimized conditions for microspore embryoid development, 10 genotypes responded to microspore culture with the frequencies ranging from 2.7 to 70.5 embryoids per dish. However, regenerated plants were obtained from 9 genotypes, and more than 75% these regenerated plants were double haploid. This report establishes an efficient protocol for microspore culture and offers great potential for DH breeding in purple flowering stalk.